8.1 Introduction

• This is new technology. We do not know everything yet.
• Why: Better rain rate, hydroclass, improved data quality
• Knowing the 3d distribution of particles and phenomena causing radar echoes

 8.2 Applications

• Hail warning, warning of freezing precipitation, Look at picture and compare and combine to other sources (temperature,...)

 8.3 How the dual polarisation products are made

• Background:
  • what is polarization,
  • particle shape
• Scientific principles and details
  • Measured parameters,: zdr, ldr, rhoHV, phiDP, KDP
  • Derived parameters: r-z-zdr r-kdp-zdr relations
  • classification principle, fuzzy-logic
  • identification of non-meteorological phenomena
  • Technical notes: Three ways of making dualpol: alternate, star, ldr

 8.4 Traps in use of Dual polarisation products

• Specific problems and their propagation to hydrometeor classification and rain rate estimates. Also, how common problems are visible here. We still live on a spherical globe!

Material to this section is available through:

 A.J. Illingworth: PowerPoint presentations and other
 Paul Joe: animations, PowerPoint presentations and case study material
 R.J. Keeler: PowerPoint presentations and other
 Martin Hagen: PowerPoint presentations and quizzes
 David Hudak: PowerPoint presentations and case study material