Factors, II: Latent heat release |
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| According to Pettersen development equation, the term associated to the release of diabatic heat can be expresed as the integral presented below between the surface and the level of non-divergence (LND). Notice that this term is not dependent on stability as it is the term associated with thermal advections!. |
QUESTION: In what part of the atmosphere, the latent heat released will be more efficient in terms of producing surface pressure falls? (that means more cyclogenetic)
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Right!. Latent heat release is represented by the term in brackets, and its contribution to surface development is weighted by d(lnp). But, the lower the pressure the larger will be the term d(lnp). So the weight applied to the latent heat released is larger at upper levels. It means, that the same amount of energy, released at upper levels is more efficient in terms of surface pressure deepening.
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Sorry, that is wrong. Check the feedback for the alternative answer.
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| According to Ertel Potential Vorticity Theorem, IPV can be created/destroyed by the effects of friction and diabatic heating or cooling: |
QUESTION: Concerning with IPV, which of the following statements is true?
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Sorry, this answer is incorrect, try another one.
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Sorry, this answer is incorrect, try another one.
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| PV anomalies may be generated above and below the level of maximum latent heat release. |
QUESTION: which may be the reasons for the appearance of this "latent heat generated" PV anomalies?
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Right, warming increases static stability below the level of max LHR. Apart from that, warming also causes the surface pressure to decrease, providing there is hidrostatic equilibrium. This sfc pressure falls lead to convergence at low levels and to an increase of relative vorticity. Both factors help to increase PV below the level of max LHR (remember PV equation). The opposite happens above the level of max LHR, where a negative PV anomaly will be generated.
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Sorry, is just the opposite. Convergence should be produced below the level of max LHR, due to surface pressure falls there.
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Sorry, is just the opposite, static stability will be reduce above the level of max LHR. and that, together with upper level divergence, and negative vorticity production, will lead to a negative PV anomaly.
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Sorry, is just the opposite. Above the level of max LHR, negative vorticity via divergence will be produced. Check the animation.
Whole sequence showing positive and negative PV anomalies generated above and below the level of maximum latent heat release. PV growth rate is determined by the vertical gradient of Latent Heat Release.
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